The need to plan for and manage native vegetation with other natural resource management issues within an integrated framework is critical for achieving effective on-ground results. Native vegetation and biodiversity is arguably different as an environmental and economic resource because the causes of species and ecosystem losses are extremely diffuse and involve many different sectors. That is, it is pervasive to the economic system, being affected by land and water use decisions, by pollution and by economic activity generally. Capturing the interactions between, and impacts of these different sectors is a major challenge. Integrated decision-making is an area of research and implementation needing significant further development. Until our understanding of each element of regional health and their interactions is well understood, progress in this area remains hampered. Alignment of native vegetation management with broader decision-making processes on water yield and quality, salinity management and carbon sequestration requires greater attention.