| NO | Boxes |
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| Box1 | Who is a regional manager?
| | Box2 | What are ‘the Audit’ and ‘the Atlas’?
| | Box3 | Design principles for landscape protection and restoration in south-eastern Australia
Platt SJ (2002) ‘How to Plan Wildlife Landscapes: A guide for community organisations.’ Department of Natural Resources
and Environment, Melbourne, VIC. | | Box4 | An example of some innovative approaches to native vegetation management taken by the City of Ballarat.
Municipal Association of Victoria (2004) ‘Native Vegetation Management and Local Government: Case Studies.’ Municipal Association of Victoria,
Melbourne Vic | | Box5 | Rationale for managing native vegetation and its associated biodiversity at the site,landscape and regional scale based on research in the box-ironbark woodlands of Victoria.
Williams JE, Read C, Norton T, Dovers S, Burgman M, Proctor W, Anderson H (2001) ‘Biodiversity, Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report).’ Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra ACT | | Box6 | Principles to guide arrangements for the effective use of incentives in NRM.
Chudleigh P, Simpson S (2003) ‘Arrangements to Enhance the Effective Use of Incentive Mechanisms in Natural Resource Management.’ Social and Institutional Research Program, Land & Water Australia, Fact Sheet: Research Project AGT13, Canberra, ACT | | Box7 | Potential risks identified for payment mechanisms associated with ecosystem services
Young M, Shi T, Crosthwaite J (2003) ‘Duty of Care: An Instrument for Increasing the Effectiveness of Catchment Management.’ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne VIC | | Box8 | An example of one of the issues addressed in the statement on scientific knowledge of the impact of forest plantations on catchment water yield.
Bureau of Rural Sciences (2003) ‘The Impact of Plantations on Water Yield: A statement clarifying key scientific issues.’ Bureau of Rural Sciences,
Canberra ACT | | Box9 | The process used to develop integrated land use planning options for three
catchments in the Heartlands project.
Creswell H, (Ed.) (2004) ‘Planning for Sustainable Land Use and Catchment Health.’ CSIRO Land and Water, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO Forest and Forest Products, Heartlands Publication 9-04, Canberra ACT |
| NO | Figures |
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| Figure1 | Interim Natural Resource Management Regions used to guide natural resource management activities and investments through the extension of the Natural Heritage Trust
Environmental Resource Information Network (ERIN) (2005) Interim Natural Resource Management Regions. Department of the Environment
and Heritage. Canberra ACT. | | Figure2 | Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) version 6.1. Representing a landscape based
approach to classifying the land surface. Specialist ecological knowledge combined with appropriate regional and
continental scale biophysical data sets were interpreted to describe 85 IBRA regions across Australia
Department of the Environment and Heritage 2004) Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia (IBRA Version 6.1). Developed through the cooperative efforts of the Australia Government Department of the Environment and Heritage and State/Territory land management agencies. Canberra
ACT | | Figure3 | Relationships between natural assets, ecosystem goods and services and wealth generation using examples from the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Victoria
Binning C, Cork SJ, Parry R, Shelton D (2001) ‘Natural Assets: An Inventory of Ecosystem Goods and Services in the Goulburn Broken Catchment.’ CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT. p 19 | | Figure4 | Major Vegetation Groups in Australian Capital Territory (circa 1997)
National Land and Water Resources Audit (2001) Major vegetation groups V1.0 (1km), National Vegetation Information System (NVIS),
Commonwealth of Australia (http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/vegetation_frame.cfm?region_code=ACT | | Figure5 | The extent of forest mapped as part of the State of the Forests 2003 report
Bureau of Rural Sciences (2004) Australia’s Forests at a Glance. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra ACT. p 8 | | Figure6 | Examples of integrated vegetation maps available for (a) Darwin-Katherine NRM region of the Northern Territory and (b) Northern Agricultural NRM region of Western Australia
Bureau of Rural Sciences (2004) Integrated Vegetation information for NAP and NHTII Regions. (Website) http://data.brs.gov.au/mapserv/
intveg/compiled.html (Accessed July 22) | | Figure7 | Differences in scale and information contained in the national (1:2,500,000) and catchment scale (1:100,000)
land use maps in the Fitzroy Basin, Queensland. National and catchment scale land use data for part of the Fitzroy shows the difference in levels of information in each type of mapping
Lesslie R, Barson M, Bordas V, Randall L, Ritman K (2003) ‘Science for Decision Makers: Land use mapping at catchment scale: Information for catchment solutions.’ Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra ACT. p 3 | | Figure8 | A framework for classifying landscapes based on the description of four landscape alteration ‘states’ associated with increasing amount of habitat destruction and decreasing levels of habitat connectivity.
McIntyre S., and Hobbs R.J., (1999) A framework for conceptualising human impacts on landscapes and its relevance to management and
research models. Conservation Biology 13, 1282-1292. OR McIntyre S, McIvor JG, Heard KM (2002) ‘Managing and Conserving Grassy Woodlands.’
CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Vic | | Figure9 | Pre-European major vegetation groups in Australia; pre-European is defined as that estimated to occur before 1750
National Land and Water Resources Audit (2001) Major vegetation groups V1.0 (1km), National Vegetation Information System (NVIS),
Commonwealth of Australia (http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/vegetation_frame.cfm?region_type=AUS®ion_code=AUS&info=veg_type) | | Figure10 | Example of remote-sensing and ground-based survey applications in vegetation mapping. At the top, a (MODIS) satellite image for a catchment is used to investigate the role that native vegetation surrounding a homestead plays in conservation. A higher resolution (IKONOS) satellite image is used to further examine the area, then both images are used to create detailed vegetation maps to support on-ground restoration and monitoring activities.
Reinke, R., Gibbons, P., Zerger, A., Jones, S. D., (2004) Monitoring Australian Native Vegetation Condition Using Multi-Sensor Earth Observations, The 12th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia, 18–22 October 2004 | | Figure11 | Example of a map created using the Land Monitor approach showing changes in the condition of vegetated areas over time.
“Supplied by SRSS, DLI for the Land Monitor project. The information contained in this vegetation map is necessarily based in part upon various assumptions and predictions. The Land Monitor Project accepts no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this vegetation map and persons relying on this salinity map do so at their own risk. Visit http://www.landmonitor.wa.gov.au” | | Figure12 | Distribution of two of the nine major threatening processes identified by the Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment for threatened ecosystems.
Sattler P, Creighton C (2002) ‘Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002.’ National Land and Water Resource Audit. Canberra, ACT. p 51 | | Figure13 | Frequency of threatening processes for threatened ecosystems identified by the Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity
Assessment for two contrasting bioregions. The pie charts do not convey the relative importance of threatening processes, but are an indication of frequency only.
Sattler P, Creighton C (2002) ‘Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002.’ National Land and Water Resource Audit. Canberra, ACT. p 54 | | Figure14 | Annual rates of clearing in Queensland 1991–2001
Department of Natural Resources and Mine (2003) ‘Land Cover Change in Queensland 1999-2001.’ Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Natural Resource Sciences, Brisbane, Qld. p. 5 | | Figure15 | The extinction debt, where species are lost in the future due to actions in the past such as vegetation clearance.
The pattern is similar whatever years are used.
H, Ford H, Johnson C, Holman J, Butler D (2003) ‘Impacts of Land Clearing on Australian Wildlife in Queensland.’ WWF Australia. Sydney, NSW. p. 9 | | Figure16 | Changes in soil and pasture characteristics with grazing showing how overgrazing can create a downward spiral
towards lower productivity
McIntyre S, McIvor JG, Heard KM (2002) ‘Managing and Conserving Grassy Woodlands.’ CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Vic | | Figure17 | Examples of roles, responsibilities and multi-level interactions for natural resource management.
National Land and Water Resources Audit (2003) ‘Natural Resources Information Management Toolkit: Building capacity to implement natural
resources information management solutions.’ (Website/CDRom) http://www.nlwra.gov.au/toolkit/default.htm (Accessed: August 2004 | | Figure18 | A small section of modelled catchment showing existing vegetation (black) and the ‘vegetation’ added by eachof the six rules (shades of grey).
Wilson JA, Lowe KW, Showers C, Ebert S (2002) Using Spatial Modelling to Plan for the Conservation of Biodiversity within the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Victoria. In ‘Land-use change – YES – But will biodiversity be OK?’ Attwood, Victoria. (Eds. J Crosthwaite, Q Farmer-Bowers and C Hollier). Department of Sustainability and Environment | | Figure19 | Modelled 15 per cent target for native vegetation enhancement.
Abel N, Cork S, Gorddard R, Langridge J, Langston A, Plant R, Proctor W, Ryan P, Shelton D, Walker B, Yialeloglou (2003) ‘Natural Values:Exploring options for enhancing ecosystem services in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment.’ CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT. p.89 | | Figure20 | Modelled 40 per cent target for native vegetation enhancement.
Abel N, Cork S, Gorddard R, Langridge J, Langston A, Plant R, Proctor W, Ryan P, Shelton D, Walker B, Yialeloglou (2003) ‘Natural Values: Exploring options for enhancing ecosystem services in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment.’ CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT. p.89 | | Figure21 | Diagram of the practice change model developed by the Sustainable Grazing Systems Program.
Mason W, Warn L, Cahill G (2003) ‘Towards Sustainable Grazing: The professional producer’s guide.’ Meat & Livestock Australia, Sydney, NSW | | Figure22 | Illustrates the two toolboxes and the bridging tools, using fire management as an example
Hill R (2003) Frameworks to Support Indigenous Managers: The key to fire futures. In ‘Australia Burning: Fire Ecology, policy and management issues.’ (Eds. G Cary, D Lindenmayer and S Dovers) pp. 175-186. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, VIC | | Figure23 | Integrated natural resource management opportunities for biodiversity conservation at the sub-regional scale.
Sattler P, Creighton C (2002) ‘Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002.’ National Land and Water Resource Audit. Canberra, ACT. p 143 | | Figure24 | The ‘Green Triangle’ region of South Australia and Victoria showing larger consolidated blocks of older pine plantations and more recently established, scattered areas of eucalypt plantations.
Keenan RJ, Gerrand A, Nambiar S, Parsons M (2004) ‘Science for Decision Makers: Plantations and Water: Plantation impacts on stream flow.’ Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra ACT | | Figure25 | How a riparian buffer strip functions to protect streams from contaminants from the surrounding catchment.
Price P, Lovett S (2002) ‘Improving Water Quality.’ Land & Water Australia, Fact Sheet 3, Canberra ACT | | Figure26 | Integrated (multiple theme) revegetation allocation for Simmons Creek catchment.
Creswell H, (Ed.) (2004) ‘Planning for Sustainable Land Use and Catchment Health.’ CSIRO Land and Water, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, CSIRO Forest and Forest Products, Heartlands Publication 9-04, Canberra ACT |
| NO | Table |
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| testtest | asdf
asdf | | Table1 | The diverse range of benefits identified for native vegetation that have environmental, social and economic dimensions.
Derived from Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council (2001) ‘National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of Australia’s Native Vegetation.’ (Online report) http://www.deh.gov.au/land/publications/nvf/ (Accessed: January 2005) | | Table2 | Nature, extent and cost of land degradation in the Western Australian wheatbelt
Gillespie R (2000) ‘Economic Values of the Native Vegetation of NSW.’ Department of Land and Water Conservation, Background paper No 4, NSW | | Table3 | Some benefits of trees for crops and livestock
Gillespie R (2000) ‘Economic Values of the Native Vegetation of NSW.’ Department of Land and Water Conservation, Background paper No 4, NSW | | Table4 | Desirable property right characteristics for creating markets
Murtough et al. 2002 Murtough G, Aretino B, Matysek A (2002) ‘Creating Markets for Ecosystem Services.’ Productivity Commission Staff
Research Paper, AusInfo, Canberra, ACT2 a Low in the sense that it does not prevent a market from forming. Moderate levels of risk and uncertainty are not necessarily insurmountable barriers to the operation of a market. | | Table5 | Valuation techniques
used to assess the non-use
value of native vegetation.
| | Table6 | Vegetation types and major mapping programs at State and Territory level.
| | Table7 | The six main principles for ecological sustainability identified for grassy woodlands. Further principles have been developed which include thresholds for vegetation cover and other natural resources.
McIntyre S, McIvor JG, Heard KM (2002) ‘Managing and Conserving Grassy Woodlands.’ CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Vic | | Table8 | Components and weightings of the habitat score used in the Habitat ectares approach
D, Newell G, Cheal D (2003) Assessing the Quality of Native Vegetation: he ‘habitat hectares’ approach. Ecological Management and Restoration 4 (Supplement), pp. 29–38 | | Table9 | The number of native animals estimated to be killed by the clearance of native vegetation in Queensland in 2002.
Cogger H, Ford H, Johnson C, Holman J, Butler D (2003) ‘Impacts of Land Clearing on Australian Wildlife in Queensland.’ WWF Australia, Sydney, NSW | | Table10 | The 34 naturalised non-native species that are impacting on natural systems (limited at present to one or a few
populations in a defined geographic area) for which eradication is recommended.
Groves RH, Hosking JR, Batianoff GN, Cooke DA, Cowie ID, Johnson RW, Keighery GJ, Lepschi BJ, Mitchell AA, Moerkerk M, Randall RP, Rozefelds
AC, Walsh NG, Waterhouse BM (2003) ‘Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management.’ Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra ACT
State and Territory abbreviations: NT = Northern Territory, Qld = Queensland, NSW = New South Wales, Tas = Tasmania,
WA = Western Australia, Vic = Victoria, SA = South Australia.
Note: ? = information not available at time of publication of source reference | | Table11 | Expected impacts of climate change and changes in CO2 concentrations on native vegetation types and plant
species in Australia
Howden M, Hughes L, Dunlop M, Zethoven I, Hilbert D, Chilcott C (2003) Climate Change Impacts On Biodiversity In Australia. In ‘Outcomes
of a workshop sponsored by the Biological Diversity Advisory Committee, 1–2 October 2002’. Canberra ACT. (Ed. CS Ecosystems). Commonwealth of
Australia. pp66 | | Table12 | Vegetation targets developed by JANIS for native forests as input to the RFA process
JANIS (1997) ‘Nationally Agreed Criteria for the Establishment of a Comprehensive, Adequate and Representative Reserve System for Forests
in Australia.’ Joint ANZECC / MCFFA National Forest Policy Statement Implementation Sub-committee, Canberra ACT | | Table13 | National Outcomes and Minimum Set of Regional Targets
Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council (2003) ‘National Framework for Natural Resource Management Standards and Targets.’ Australian Government Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council, Canberra ACT | | Table14 | Some landscape-scale thresholds related to the extent and condition of native vegetation and its associated
biodiversity from research undertaken in Australia.
| | Table15 | Examples of regional plans that have specifically focused on native vegetation and biodiversity management.
| | Table16 | Examples of programs in capital cities designed to manage urban native vegetation and biodiversity.
| | Table17 | A NSW example of the links between regional weed management strategies and other plans and strategies.
NSW North Coast Weed Advisory Committee (2003) ‘NSW North Coast Weed Strategy.’ NSW North Coast Weed Advisory Committee, NSW. pp10 | | Table18 | Examples of the strategies for pest planning and management at State and Territory level
| | Table19 | Resources on the grazing management of native pastures
| | Table20 | A range of incentives available for managing native vegetation and biodiversity at the National and State level
| | Table21 | Examples of land management changes required for dryland salinity stabilisation in two catchments
in South Australia
Dooley T (2003) ‘Salinity and Biodiversity: Review of SA regional planning and investment concerning the impacts of salinity and salinity management on biodiversity values.’ Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, Adelaide, SA |
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